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Solids Control Equipment Application in Drilling Waste Management


Drilling waste is unavoidable consequence during drilling operations. If the drilling fluid does not carry cuttings and cavings to the surface, the rig either is not “making hole” or soon will be stuck in the hole it is making. The drilling waste that are separated from the drilling fluid on the surface by the solids control equipment and some quantity of unrecoverable or economically unwanted drilling fluid are a major source of drilling waste.

Drilled and formation solids that are sized smaller than can be removed by solids control equipment are often reported as drill solids. Some quantity of drill solids will accumulate in the drilling fluid and must be removed by the solids control equipment or reduced in concentration by dilution. Before the introduction of mechanical solids removal equipment, dilution was used to control solids content in the drilling waste management. The typical dilution procedure calls for dumping a portion of the active drilling fluid volume to a waste pit and then diluting the solids concentration in the remaining fluid by adding the appropriate base fluid, like water or synthetic oil.

Solids control equipment can effectively minimize dilution and has been a standard practice for the drilling industry for more than 60 years. Equipment and methods have changed over that time, but the fundamentals behind the process kept the same.
Increasing solids concentration in drilling fluid is a problem for the operator, the drilling contractor, and the fluids provider. It is well established that increasing solids content in a drilling fluid leads to a lower rate of penetration (ROP). From the perspective of both the drilling fluids specialist and the solids control technician, the effects of particle size and surface area are perhaps the most important concepts to understand. The fluids industry describes particle size in microns.
Colloid and ultrafine size solids is the most adverse effect on fluid rheology. Ultrafines and colloids have pronounced effects on mud properties because both particle types have large surface to volume ratios. Hydrocyclones, centrifuges, and settling tanks rely on settling velocity to concentrate and separate solids from the drilling cuttings. 
The importance of viewing fluids, solids control, and drilling waste management as a process that must be designed to meet specific drilling conditions cannot be overemphasized. This process design is the key to helping improve the economics and minimizing the environmental impact of drilling activities. Many operators prefer a total fluids management approach that integrates fluids, solids control, and drilling waste management to deliver a cost-effective wellbore in a safe and successful manner.
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